Muhammadu Buhari, a previous general in the Nigerian Army and former president, was among the most significant and contentious personalities in Nigeria’s political and military narrative. He was born on December 17, 1942, in Daura, Katsina State, and was raised by his mother following his father’s demise when he was only four years old.
Early Life and Education
Buhari entered the world as part of a devout Muslim family and was named after the famous Islamic scholar Muhammad al-Bukhari. He was the 23rd offspring of Mallam Hardo Adamu, a Fulani chieftain, and Zulaihat. His upbringing was overseen by Waziri Alhassan, the son of Emir Musa dan Nuhu, after the passing of his father.
His education began at a Qur’anic institution, and he completed his primary schooling in Daura and Mai’Adua. Subsequently, he enrolled in Katsina Middle School and Katsina Provincial Secondary School, from which he graduated in 1961. While in school, he served as the head boy and house captain.
Initially contemplating a career in medicine, Buhari ultimately chose a military route, enrolling in the Nigerian Military Training College and receiving advanced instruction in the UK, India, and the U.S.
Military Career and Ascendance to Power
Buhari took part in the Nigerian Civil War as a member of the 1st Division under Lt. Col. Mohammed Shuwa. Throughout the 1970s, he held pivotal military roles, including Director of Transport and Supply and subsequently as Governor of the North-Eastern State following the 1975 coup.
In 1976, after the assassination of General Murtala Mohammed, Buhari was designated as Federal Commissioner of Petroleum and Natural Resources, later becoming chairman of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation. He supervised substantial investments within the petroleum industry.
1983 Coup and Military Governance
Nigeria experienced widespread economic decline and corruption during President Shehu Shagari’s governance. In December 1983, Buhari and fellow military commanders executed a coup, taking on the role of Head of State.
Buhari’s administration initiated a “War Against Indiscipline” and adopted a stern approach to corruption, arresting over 500 political and business leaders. Nonetheless, his regime faced significant backlash for its authoritarian governing style; journalists were imprisoned, civil rights curtailed, and media outlets censored.
This heavy-handed strategy ultimately resulted in his removal in August 1985 by General Ibrahim Babangida. Buhari remained detained until 1988.
Return to Civilian Life and Political Engagement
After his release, Buhari maintained a discreet presence but led several organizations focused on development such as the Petroleum Trust Fund and the Katsina Foundation. His political resurgence took place in 2003 when he contested the presidency under the All Nigeria People’s Party (ANPP), though he was defeated by Olusegun Obasanjo. He ran again in 2007 and 2011, but did not succeed.
In 2014, Buhari joined the All Progressives Congress (APC), a newly formed political coalition. He campaigned and won the 2015 election, triumphing over President Goodluck Jonathan in a historic peaceful transition within Nigeria’s democratic journey.
Presidency (2015–2023)
During his presidency, Buhari emphasized anti-corruption initiatives, security improvements, and economic reforms. His administration dealt with multiple challenges, including a recession in 2016 and ongoing threats from groups such as Boko Haram.
Despite receiving mixed evaluations of his first term, he successfully secured re-election in 2019. His presidency concluded in 2023 following the completion of two terms.
Personal Life
Buhari wed Safinatu Yusuf in 1971, and together they had five children before parting ways in 1988. He later married Aisha Buhari in 1989, with whom he has five additional children. His son, Yusuf Buhari, married Zahra Nasir Bayero, the daughter of the Emir of Bichi, in 2021.
Death
On July 13, 2025, Muhammadu Buhari passed away in London, where he was undergoing medical treatment. He was 82 years old. His remains were returned to Nigeria and interred in Daura, Katsina State, on July 15, 2025.
Net Worth
At the moment of his passing, Buhari’s net worth was approximated at $80 million. His wealth was amassed from decades of military service, political leadership, and positions within various governmental bodies.
